Marking specific times — “at / on / in” (precise time expressions)
JLPT N5 文法 助詞「に」( 時間 ) 解説
⏱️ Study time: 5–7 minutes
The particle に (ni) marks a specific time point — "at 3 o'clock", "on Monday", "in April". But it's not used with relative times like "today", "tomorrow", or "every day". Knowing when to use に and when to leave it out is a core N5 skill.
💡 Toggle furigana, hiragana, or romaji for easier reading.
に is the particle that marks a specific point in time — clock times, days of the week, dates, months, years. It pins an action to a precise moment on the calendar or clock, like "at 7:00" or "on Monday".
私は毎朝6時に起きます。わたしはまいあさろくじにおきます。Watashi wa maiasa rokuji ni okimasu.
I get up at 6 o'clock every morning. (毎朝 has no に, but 6時 does.)
| Category | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Clock time | 3時に | at 3 o'clock |
| Day of week | 月曜日に | on Monday |
| Date | 7月20日に | on July 20th |
| Month | 4月に | in April |
| Year | 2024年に | in 2024 |
| Word | Meaning | に? |
|---|---|---|
| 今日 | today | ✕ きょうに |
| 明日 | tomorrow | ✕ あしたに |
| 昨日 | yesterday | ✕ きのうに |
| 毎日 | every day | ✕ まいにちに |
| いつ | when | ✕ いつに |
| 今 | now | ✕ いまに |
| 毎朝 | every morning | ✕ まいあさに |
| 今週 | this week | ✕ こんしゅうに |
💡 Rule of thumb: If the time word names a fixed point on a clock or calendar (3時, 月曜日, 4月), use に. If it's relative to "now" (今日, 明日, 毎日), don't use に.
✅ 日曜日 is a specific day — use に.
| Particle | Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|
| に | At a specific time point | 3時に = at 3 o'clock |
| から | Starting point (from) | 3時から = from 3 o'clock |
| まで | Ending point (until) | 3時まで = until 3 o'clock |
1. “I go to school at 8 o'clock.” Should に be used?
2. Which word takes に?
3. “I came home at 10 o'clock.” Choose the correct sentence.
Taught by Anup Sensei at Gogaku Language & Training Center in Pokhara. With real Japan experience and a focus on exam essentials, he helps students pass the JLPT with confidence.
| Japanese | Reading | Type | English Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| 起きる | おきる | Ichidan verb | to get up |
| 学校 | がっこう | Noun | school |
| 試験 | しけん | Noun | exam |
| 映画 | えいが | Noun | movie |
| 会う | あう | Godan verb | to meet |
| 帰る | かえる | Godan verb | to return, go home |
明日 is a relative time expression — its meaning changes depending on when you say it. に is reserved for fixed, absolute points on the clock or calendar.
No. いつ never takes に. Say いつ行きますか, not いつに行きますか.
No. 午前中 is a span of time, not a fixed point, so it does not take に. Same for 午後, 夕方, etc.
Next: に (ni) — Location & Existence.
Learn Location に →→ Explore the JLPT N5 Grammar Hub
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