The polite verb suffix — how to make verbs polite
JLPT N5 文法 ます 解説 (丁寧な動詞の活用)
⏱️ Study time: 5–7 minutes
ます is the key to speaking politely in Japanese. It attaches to the stem of a verb to create the formal present tense. Learn to conjugate it into ません, ました, and ませんでした — essential for JLPT N5 and daily conversation.
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ます is the polite auxiliary verb (助動詞) that attaches to the stem (連用形) of a verb. It makes the sentence polite and is the standard form used in formal situations, with strangers, and in business contexts.
私は明日東京に行きます。わたしはあしたとうきょうにいきます。Watashi wa ashita Tōkyō ni ikimasu.
I will go to Tokyo tomorrow. (polite)
| Verb Type | Dictionary | Stem | Polite (ます) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Godan (u‑verbs) | 書く (kaku) | 書き | 書きます |
| Ichidan (ru‑verbs) | 食べる (taberu) | 食べ | 食べます |
| Irregular | する (suru) | し | します |
| Irregular | 来る (kuru) | 来 (ki) | 来ます (kimasu) |
✅ 飲む → stem 飲み + ます = 飲みます.
| Form | Politeness | Usage | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dictionary (plain) | Casual | With close friends, in embedded clauses, dictionary entries | 食べる (taberu) |
| ます form | Polite | Strangers, superiors, business, public speech | 食べます (tabemasu) |
1. Choose the correct polite negative form of “to write” (書く).
2. What is the polite past form of する?
3. “I will not eat.” Choose the appropriate ます negative.
Taught by Anup Sensei at Gogaku Language & Training Center in Pokhara. With real Japan experience and a focus on exam essentials, he helps students pass the JLPT with confidence.
No. i‑adjectives have their own polite form (e.g., 楽しい → 楽しいです). Use です with nouns and adjectives; ます is only for verbs.
For ru‑verbs (ichidan), drop る. For u‑verbs (godan), change the final ‑u sound to the corresponding ‑i sound (e.g., 飲む → 飲み). する → し, 来る → 来 (ki).
です is the polite copula (to be) for nouns/adjectives. ます is the polite suffix for verbs. You never say “食べるです” or “学生ます”.
Next: ました (mashita) — the polite past tense.
Learn ました →→ Explore the JLPT N5 Grammar Hub
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