JLPT N5 Grammar: ます (masu) — Polite Verb Suffix in Japanese

JLPT N5 Grammar: ます (masu)

The polite verb suffix — how to make verbs polite

JLPTジェイエルピーティー N5エヌゴ 文法ぶんぽう ます 解説かいせつ (丁寧ていねいな動詞どうしの活用かつよう)

⏱️ Study time: 5–7 minutes

ます is the key to speaking politely in Japanese. It attaches to the stem of a verb to create the formal present tense. Learn to conjugate it into ません, ました, and ませんでした — essential for JLPT N5 and daily conversation.

🚀 JLPT N5 Warm-up Quiz

Q: What is the polite non‑past (present/future) form of the verb 食たべる (to eat)?

Correct: 食たべます (B). The stem of 食たべる is 食たべ, so you add ます → 食たべます. Never attach ます directly to the dictionary form (食たべるます ✕) or use です with verbs (食たべるです ✕).

Quick Summary

Grammar Point
ます
Meaning
Polite verb ending (non‑past)
Structure
Verb stem + ます / ません / ました / ませんでした
Example
毎日まいにち日本語にほんごを勉強べんきょうします。まいにちにほんごをべんきょうします。Mainichi Nihongo o benkyō shimasu.
I study Japanese every day.

📝 Conjugation Chart (Polite Verb Forms)

Affirmative: Verb stem + ます
Negative: Verb stem + ません
Past: Verb stem + ました
Past Negative: Verb stem + ませんでした
⚠️ ます is a verb suffix. It never attaches directly to nouns or adjectives — use です for that.
🧠 Need the plain form? See Dictionary Form (食たべる) →

💡 Toggle furigana, hiragana, or romaji for easier reading.

What is ます?

ます is the polite auxiliary verb (助動詞) that attaches to the stem (連用形) of a verb. It makes the sentence polite and is the standard form used in formal situations, with strangers, and in business contexts.

  • Attach to the verb stem, not the dictionary form.
  • Conjugates like a regular godan verb: ます → ません, ました, ませんでした.
  • For nouns and na‑adjectives, use です instead.

⚡ Conjugation Patterns (Group I, II, III)

Verb TypeDictionaryStemPolite (ます)
Godan (u‑verbs)書かく (kaku)書かき書かきます
Ichidan (ru‑verbs)食たべる (taberu)食たべ食たべます
Irregularする (suru)しします
Irregular来くる (kuru)来き (ki)来きます (kimasu)
⚠️ Critical JLPT Trap: Never say 食たべるます or 書かくます. Always remove the final syllable and attach the appropriate stem + ます.

Examples & Mini Dialogue

毎朝まいあさコーヒーを飲のみます。まいあさこーひーをのみます。Maiasa kōhī o nomimasu.
I drink coffee every morning.

✅ 飲のむ → stem 飲のみ + ます = 飲のみます.

昨日きのう映画えいがを見みませんでした。きのうえいがをみませんでした。Kinō eiga o mimasen deshita.
I didn't watch a movie yesterday.
🗣️ Mini Dialogue
A: 日曜日にちようびに何なにをしますか。にちようびになにをしますか。Nichiyōbi ni nani o shimasu ka.
B: 買かい物ものをします。かいものをします。Kaimono o shimasu.

⚡ ます vs Dictionary Form (plain)

FormPolitenessUsageExample
Dictionary (plain)CasualWith close friends, in embedded clauses, dictionary entries食たべる (taberu)
ます formPoliteStrangers, superiors, business, public speech食たべます (tabemasu)

Common Mistakes (and Fixes)

✕ 私わたしは学生がくせいます。わたしはがくせいます。Watashi wa gakusei masu.
✓ 私わたしは学生がくせいです。わたしはがくせいです。Watashi wa gakusei desu.
✕ 毎日まいにち走はしるます。まいにちはしるます。Mainichi hashiru masu.
✓ 毎日まいにち走はしります。まいにちはしります。Mainichi hashirimasu.
✕ 昨日きのう映画えいがを見みるませんでした。きのうえいがをみるませんでした。Kinō eiga o miru masen deshita.
✓ 昨日きのう映画えいがを見みませんでした。きのうえいがをみませんでした。Kinō eiga o mimasen deshita.

JLPT N5 Practice Questions

Score: 0 / 3

1. Choose the correct polite negative form of “to write” (書かく).

2. What is the polite past form of する?

3. “I will not eat.” Choose the appropriate ます negative.

🎯 JLPT N5 tip: The ます form is tested in almost every question. Knowing how to switch between dictionary and polite forms quickly will save you time on the exam.

Practice with a free mock test →

About the Instructor

Taught by Anup Sensei at Gogaku Language & Training Center in Pokhara. With real Japan experience and a focus on exam essentials, he helps students pass the JLPT with confidence.

Related Grammar

Frequently Asked Questions

Can I use ます with i‑adjectives?

No. i‑adjectives have their own polite form (e.g., 楽たのしい → 楽たのしいです). Use です with nouns and adjectives; ます is only for verbs.

How do I find the stem of a verb?

For ru‑verbs (ichidan), drop る. For u‑verbs (godan), change the final ‑u sound to the corresponding ‑i sound (e.g., 飲のむ → 飲のみ). する → し, 来くる → 来き (ki).

What’s the difference between ます and です?

です is the polite copula (to be) for nouns/adjectives. ます is the polite suffix for verbs. You never say “食たべるです” or “学生がくせいます”.

Continue Learning

Next: ました (mashita) — the polite past tense.

Learn ました →

→ Explore the JLPT N5 Grammar Hub

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