Polite existence & possession questions — “Is there ~?” / “Do you have ~?”
JLPT N5 文法 ありますか・いますか 解説 (存在・所有の質問)
⏱️ Study time: 5–7 minutes
〜がありますか and 〜がいますか are the polite ways to ask "is there a ~?" and "do you have a ~?" ありますか is for inanimate objects and abstract things; いますか is for living beings. These are among the most useful question patterns in daily Japanese.
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〜がありますか and 〜がいますか are the polite question forms of the existence verbs ある and いる. Use ありますか for inanimate objects, plants, events, and abstract concepts. Use いますか for people, animals, and insects.
すみません、この近くに郵便局がありますか。すみません、このちかくにゆうびんきょくがありますか。Sumimasen, kono chikaku ni yūbinkyoku ga arimasu ka.
Excuse me, is there a post office near here?
| Pattern | Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|
| 〜がありますか | Is there a ~? / Do you have a ~? (thing) | ペンがありますか。 Do you have a pen? |
| 〜がいますか | Is there a ~? / Do you have a ~? (living) | 犬がいますか。 Is there a dog? / Do you have a dog? |
| Place + に + 〜がありますか | Is there a ~ at (place)? | 駅の近くにコンビニがありますか。 Is there a convenience store near the station? |
| 何がありますか | What is there? / What do you have? | 冷蔵庫に何がありますか。 What is in the fridge? |
✅ 質問 is an abstract noun, so ありますか is used.
| Verb | Used for | Example |
|---|---|---|
| ありますか | Inanimate objects, plants, events, ideas, abstract concepts | ペンがありますか。 Do you have a pen? |
| いますか | Living beings: people, animals, insects | 兄弟がいますか。 Do you have siblings? |
1. “Is there a post office near here?” — choose the correct verb.
2. “Do you have a cat?” — choose the correct verb.
3. Which particle marks the subject with ありますか / いますか?
Taught by Anup Sensei at Gogaku Language & Training Center in Pokhara. With real Japan experience and a focus on exam essentials, he helps students pass the JLPT with confidence.
| Japanese | Reading | Type | English Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| ペン | ぺん | Noun | pen |
| 猫 | ねこ | Noun | cat |
| 質問 | しつもん | Noun | question |
| 郵便局 | ゆうびんきょく | Noun | post office |
| ペット | ぺっと | Noun | pet |
| 兄弟 | きょうだい | Noun | siblings |
| コンビニ | こんびに | Noun | convenience store |
No. For family members and pets, use いますか. 兄弟がいますか = Do you have siblings? For objects you own, use ありますか.
ありますか asks about existence or possession (Is there a ~? / Do you have a ~?). ですか asks about identity (Is it a ~?). ペンですか = Is it a pen? ペンがありますか = Do you have a pen? / Is there a pen?
Plants and trees use ありますか. Even though they are living things, Japanese grammar treats them as inanimate objects.
Next: 〜ませんか (masen ka) — polite invitation.
Learn 〜ませんか →→ Explore the JLPT N5 Grammar Hub
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