Expressing ability & possibility — “can do” / “is possible”
JLPT N5 文法 〜ことができます 解説 (可能)
⏱️ Study time: 5–7 minutes
〜ことができます (koto ga dekimasu) is the standard polite way to say “can do” something in Japanese. It attaches to the dictionary form of a verb and expresses ability or possibility. This pattern is essential for describing what you are able to do and what is allowed.
💡 Toggle furigana, hiragana, or romaji for easier reading.
〜ことができます is the polite, formal way to express ability or possibility. こと turns the verb into a noun phrase (“the act of doing”), and ができます means “can do” or “is possible”. Together they mean “can do [verb]” or “it is possible to do [verb]”.
私は泳ぐことができます。わたしはおよぐことができます。Watashi wa oyogu koto ga dekimasu.
I can swim.
| Verb | Dictionary form | Ability | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| 書く | 書く | 書くことができます | can write |
| 食べる | 食べる | 食べることができます | can eat |
| する | する | することができます | can do |
| 来る | 来る | 来ることができます | can come |
✅ Describes what is possible at a place.
| Pattern | Level | Formality | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| 〜ことができます | N5 | Formal, explicit | 話すことができます。 I can speak. |
| Potential verb (〜られる / 〜える) | N4 | Casual, everyday | 話せます。 I can speak. |
💡 At N5: Focus on ことができます. The potential form (話せます、食べられます) is introduced at N4. However, you may hear potential forms in listening sections.
1. “I can write kanji.” Choose the correct form.
2. What is the negative of 食べることができます?
3. Which verb form comes before ことができます?
Taught by Anup Sensei at Gogaku Language & Training Center in Pokhara. With real Japan experience and a focus on exam essentials, he helps students pass the JLPT with confidence.
| Japanese | Reading | Type | English Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| 日本語 | にほんご | Noun | Japanese language |
| 話す | はなす | Godan verb | to speak |
| 泳ぐ | およぐ | Godan verb | to swim |
| 図書館 | としょかん | Noun | library |
| 借りる | かりる | Ichidan verb | to borrow |
| 漢字 | かんじ | Noun | kanji (Chinese characters) |
| 読む | よむ | Godan verb | to read |
No. Always use the dictionary form. 書くことができます ✓, 書きますことができます ✕.
ことができます is a formal N5 pattern. The potential form (話せます, 食べられます) is more casual and introduced at N4. Both mean "can do".
Yes, when the context is about rules or possibilities. 写真を撮ることができます = You can take photos here (it is allowed).
Next: できます (dekimasu) — the standalone "can do" verb.
Learn できます →→ Explore the JLPT N5 Grammar Hub
Join Anup Sensei's intensive course at Gogaku Language & Training Center, Pokhara. Small batches, real conversation, mock tests, and full grammar mastery.
Join Now – www.gogakueducation.comWe use cookies to improve your experience on our site. By using our site, you consent to cookies.
Manage your cookie preferences below:
Essential cookies enable basic functions and are necessary for the proper function of the website.
Statistics cookies collect information anonymously. This information helps us understand how visitors use our website.
Google Analytics is a powerful tool that tracks and analyzes website traffic for informed marketing decisions.
Service URL: policies.google.com (opens in a new window)
Clarity is a web analytics service that tracks and reports website traffic.
Service URL: clarity.microsoft.com (opens in a new window)
Marketing cookies are used to follow visitors to websites. The intention is to show ads that are relevant and engaging to the individual user.
Google Maps is a web mapping service providing satellite imagery, real-time navigation, and location-based information.
Service URL: policies.google.com (opens in a new window)
A video-sharing platform for users to upload, view, and share videos across various genres and topics.
Service URL: www.youtube.com (opens in a new window)
WhatsApp us