Existence & possession — “there is” / “I have” (inanimate objects)
JLPT N5 文法 あります 解説 (存在・所有)
⏱️ Study time: 5–7 minutes
あります (arimasu) is the polite verb used for the existence of inanimate objects — things, plants, places, and abstract concepts. It also expresses possession (“I have”). Its counterpart for living beings is います (imasu).
💡 Toggle furigana, hiragana, or romaji for easier reading.
あります is the polite verb of existence for inanimate objects. Use it to say that something exists somewhere (“there is a ~”), or that you possess something (“I have a ~”). The casual/dictionary form is ある.
あそこに郵便局があります。あそこにゆうびんきょくがあります。Asoko ni yūbinkyoku ga arimasu.
There is a post office over there.
| Use | Pattern | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Existence | Place + に + Noun + が + あります | 公園に花があります。 There are flowers in the park. |
| Possession | Person + は + Noun + が + あります | 私はパソコンがあります。 I have a computer. |
| Form | Polite | Casual |
|---|---|---|
| Affirmative | あります | ある |
| Negative | ありません | ない |
| Past | ありました | あった |
| Past negative | ありませんでした | なかった |
✅ Classic existence question.
| Verb | Used for | Example |
|---|---|---|
| あります | Inanimate objects, plants, events, ideas | 本があります。 There is a book. |
| います | Living beings (people, animals, insects) | 猫がいます。 There is a cat. |
1. “There is a pen on the desk.” Choose the correct verb.
2. “I have a question.” How do you say this?
3. Plants and trees use: ________.
Taught by Anup Sensei at Gogaku Language & Training Center in Pokhara. With real Japan experience and a focus on exam essentials, he helps students pass the JLPT with confidence.
| Japanese | Reading | Type | English Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| 机 | つくえ | Noun | desk |
| 上 | うえ | Noun | on, above |
| 本 | ほん | Noun | book |
| 公園 | こうえん | Noun | park |
| 花 | はな | Noun | flower |
| 郵便局 | ゆうびんきょく | Noun | post office |
| 冷蔵庫 | れいぞうこ | Noun | refrigerator |
| テスト | てすと | Noun | test |
| 辞書 | じしょ | Noun | dictionary |
No. Animals are living beings and use います. 猫がいます = there is a cat. Plants are an exception — they use あります.
に marks the location (place + に + あります = it is at...). が marks the subject (Noun + が + あります = there is a Noun). Often they appear together: Place + に + Noun + が + あります.
Use は for the possessor and が for the object: 私は車があります = I have a car (literally: as for me, there is a car).
Next: います (imasu) — existence of living beings.
Learn います →→ Explore the JLPT N5 Grammar Hub
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