Polite negative verb ending — “do not / will not”
JLPT N5 文法 〜ません 解説 (丁寧な否定の動詞)
⏱️ Study time: 5–7 minutes
〜ません is how you say “I don't do” or “I won't do” politely in Japanese. It is the negative form of ます and attaches directly to the verb stem. Its past form is 〜ませんでした (didn't do). Master this to refuse, deny, or correct politely.
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〜ません is the polite negative auxiliary verb that attaches to the verb stem. It means “do not” or “will not” and is the standard way to negate verbs in formal speech. Its past form 〜ませんでした means “did not”.
私はお酒を飲みません。わたしはおさけをのみません。Watashi wa osake o nomimasen.
I don't drink alcohol. (polite)
| Verb | Stem | Polite Negative | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| 書く (kaku) | 書き | 書きません | don't write |
| 食べる (taberu) | 食べ | 食べません | don't eat |
| する (suru) | し | しません | don't do |
| 来る (kuru) | 来 (ki) | 来ません (kimasen) | don't come |
✅ 行く → stem 行き + ません.
| Form | Politeness | Usage | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| ません | Polite | Formal speech, strangers, business | 食べません |
| ない (plain) | Casual | Friends, family, embedded clauses | 食べない |
1. Choose the correct polite negative form of “to drink” (飲む).
2. “I don't eat breakfast every day.” Select the correct sentence.
3. “He won't come tomorrow.” Choose the correct polite negative.
Taught by Anup Sensei at Gogaku Language & Training Center in Pokhara. With real Japan experience and a focus on exam essentials, he helps students pass the JLPT with confidence.
ません is the polite negative (です/ます level). ない is the plain/casual negative used in informal speech and embedded clauses. For polite speech, always use ません.
No. ません is only for verbs. To negate nouns, use ではありません or じゃありません.
Add でした after ません: verb stem + ませんでした (e.g., 食べませんでした = didn't eat).
Next: ました (mashita) — the polite past affirmative.
Learn ました →→ Explore the JLPT N5 Grammar Hub
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