JLPT N5 Grammar: ~ません

Do not – Polite present/future negative verbs

JLPT N5 文法 ~ません 解説

Master ~ません in 5 minutes. Learn to politely say "I don't do" or "I won't do" – the essential negative verb form for daily Japanese.

🚀 Quick JLPT N5 Warm-up Quiz

Q1: "I don't eat meat." (polite) Which is correct?
A. 肉を食べません
B. 肉を食べますない

Answer: A (ます→ません for negative)

Quick Summary

Grammar Point
~ません
Meaning
Do not / will not (polite)
Formation
Verb stem + ません
Example

I don't eat / I won't eat.

📝 Quick Formula

Verb stem (before ます) + ません
例:食べます → 食べ + ません = 食べません
Plain/casual: 食べない
Need the verb stems?
Verb Conjugation Guide →

💡 Switch to Hiragana only or Rōmaji if you're just starting out.

What is ~ません?

~ません is the polite negative form of verbs. It means "do not" (habitual) or "will not" (future). It's the direct negative of ~ます.

  • For any verb group: stem + ません.
  • Examples: 行きません (don't go), 見ません (don't see), しません (don't do).
  • The plain/casual equivalent is ~ない: 行かない, 見ない, しない.

How to Pronounce

~ません: ma se n (the "n" is held slightly)

Examples & Mini Dialogue


I don't eat meat. (verb: 食べる)

Plain form: 肉を食べない.


I won't go to school tomorrow. (verb: 行く)

Plain: 行かない.


I don't watch TV. (verb: 見る)

Plain: 見ない.

🗣️ Mini Dialogue
A:
B:
("Do you drink coffee?" — "No, I don't.")

When to Use in Real Japan

  • Stating habits or preferences: 煙草たばこいません。たばこをすいません。Tabako o suimasen.
  • Polite refusal: いまべません。いま、たべません。Ima, tabemasen.
  • Announcing future absence: 明日あしたません。あしたはきません。Ashita wa kimasen.

⚡ ます → ません → ませんでした: The Polite Negative Timeline

Form Meaning Example (食べる)
ますdo / will do食べます
ませんdo not / will not食べません
ましたdid食べました
ませんでしたdid not食べませんでした

💡 Exam tip: Be careful not to mix ません (present/future negative) with ませんでした (past negative).

Common Mistakes

べますないたべますないTabemasunai
べませんたべませんTabemasen
(The negative is ません, not ます + ない)

🔍 Never add ない after ます. Replace ます with ません.

べないますたべないますTabenaimasu
べませんたべませんTabemasen
(Don't mix plain negative ない with ます. Use ません for polite.)

🔍 The polite negative is a single form: ません. Don't combine plain and polite.

🎌 JLPT N5 Exam Trick

The test often asks you to pick the correct negative form. If you see:

If the sentence contains いいえ or a negative context, B is obviously correct. Also, watch for "not" words like "あまり" — they almost always take ません.

JLPT N5 Practice Questions

1. "I don't eat breakfast." (朝ご飯 = breakfast)
A. 朝ご飯を食べません
B. 朝ご飯を食べますない

Show AnswerCorrect: A (stem 食べ + ません)

2. "I don't watch TV." (テレビ = TV, 見る = to see)
A. テレビを見ません
B. テレビを見ますない

Show AnswerCorrect: A (stem 見 + ません)

3. "I don't drink coffee." (飲む = to drink)
A. コーヒーを飲みません
B. コーヒーを飲むません

Show AnswerCorrect: A (stem 飲み + ません)
⚠️ Mastering ません is critical for forming polite negative sentences — a big chunk of the N5 grammar section.

Sharpen your skills now.
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About the Instructor

This lesson is taught by Anup Sensei, an experienced Japanese language instructor at Gogaku Language & Training Center in Pokhara. He has studied and worked in Japan and specializes in practical JLPT preparation and real-life communication skills.

Frequently Asked Questions

How do I form ~ません?

Take the verb stem (the part before ます) and add ません. Example: 行きます → 行きません.

What's the plain form of ~ません?

The plain negative form is ~ない. 行きません → 行かない.

Can I use ~ません for future actions?

Yes, Japanese present negative can also mean future negative. 明日は行きません = I won't go tomorrow.

What's the difference between ません and ないです?

Both are polite negatives. ません is standard polite; ないです is more colloquial but still polite. JLPT N5 focuses on ません.

Continue Learning

Now learn the polite past negative:
~ませんでした (did not do)

Learn ~ませんでした →

→ Explore the full JLPT N5 Grammar Hub

Ready to Say "No" Politely?

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